The first mobile device that incorporated both communication and computing features was the Blackberry, which was introduced in 2002.5 After the Blackberry was brought to market, other handheld mobile devices were introduced. Perhaps most notably, in January 2007, Apple launched the first-generation iPhone.5 Subsequently, smartphones that run the Google Android operating system were introduced in October 2008.5 Because of the intuitive touch-screen user interfaces and advanced features and capabilities that the iPhone and Android smartphones offer, ownership of mobile devices has increased rapidly.12 In April 2010, Apple introduced a new innovation, the iPad tablet computer, which because of ease of use, portability, and a comparatively large screen was yet another transformative computing tool.5 The iPad ignited the tablet computer market.9 Tablets that run the Google Android operating system (Samsung Galaxy and others) were launched later that year, making the use of these mobile devices even more widespread.5
Without a doubt, medicine is one of the disciplines that has been profoundly affected by the availability of mobile devices.4 This is evident in many surveys of HCPs that reveal a high ownership rate of these tools, which HCPs use in both clinical practice and education.2 Smartphones and tablets have even replaced desktop systems as the preferred computing devices for HCPs who need fast access to information at the point of care.9
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The ability to download medical apps on mobile devices has made a wealth of mobile clinical resources available to HCPs.15 Medical apps for many purposes are available, including ones for electronic prescribing, diagnosis and treatment, practice management, coding and billing, and CME or e-learning.9,10 A broad choice of apps that assist with answering clinical practice and other questions at the point of care exist, such as: drug reference guides, medical calculators, clinical guidelines and other decision support aids, textbooks, and literature search portals.7,13,15 There are even mobile apps that simulate surgical procedures or that can conduct simple medical exams, such as hearing or vision tests.6,7 Many mobile apps are not intended to replace desktop applications, but are meant to complement them in order to provide a resource that has the potential to improve outcomes at the point of care.7 The use of medical apps has become frequent and widespread; 70% of medical school HCPs and students reported using at least one medical app regularly, with 50% using their favorite app daily.1,9
Cloud-based storage and file-sharing services that can be accessed using a mobile device are also useful for information management, since they allow users to store, update, and share documents or photographs with others without exchanging a flash drive or CD.2,5,6 Most cloud-based storage systems provide users with a few gigabytes of memory for free; additional space often requires payment of an annual subscription.2 Cloud-based information storage provides the additional advantage of permitting information to be accessed instantaneously from multiple devices, which allows people who are collaborating together to share materials quickly.2,5,6
One health care software company, Epic Systems, has partnered with Apple and released versions of the Epic scheduling, billing, and clinical support app for the iPhone and iPad.4 PatientKeeper Mobile Clinical Results provides physicians with access to patient clinical data via either Apple or Android mobile devices.7 Teamviewer is a general-purpose record maintenance and access app that can be installed on mobile devices, allowing remote access to desktop PCs.5 In the absence of such apps, a virtual private network (VPN) log-in can often be obtained from the hospital to allow remote secure access into the in-house network through the Internet to view records for emergency consultations.5
Many evidence-based software apps serve as useful bedside clinical decision-making tools.7 Printed medical references often used in disease diagnosis are now available as mobile device apps that provide information on diagnosis, treatment, differential diagnosis, infectious diseases, pathogens, and other topics.7 Such apps include: Johns Hopkins Antibiotic Guide (JHABx), Dynamed, UpToDate, 5-Minute Clinical Consult (5MCC), 5-Minute Infectious Diseases Consult (5MIDC), Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy (SG), ePocrates ID, Infectious Disease Notes (ID Notes), Pocket Medicine Infectious Diseases (PMID), and IDdx.2,7
Diagnosaurus, a popular, low-cost mobile differential diagnosis app for the iPhone, iPad, and iTouch, can help ensure that alternative diagnoses are not overlooked.4 Flowcharts to help physicians identify diagnostic possibilities are included in the apps 5MCC and Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests.7 Other diagnostic mobile apps apply clinical algorithms to aid physicians in determining a disease diagnosis.7 Mobile devices can also be used to access CDSSs installed on desktop computers in clinical settings to aid in diagnosis and treatment decisions.8
Other mobile apps, such as medical calculators, use standard formulas to make calculations to determine risk scores and other measures, such as body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and proper drug doses.4,7 Calculation of clinical scores or indices typically involves utilizing complex formulas that require several input parameters.7 Even if a HCP knows the formula, performing even simple clinical score calculations manually can be surprisingly time consuming and error prone in a fast-paced clinical environment.7 In contrast, HCPs who use medical calculators do not necessarily need to know the formula for calculating a clinical score or index; they only need to enter the parameters to quickly produce a reliable result.7
Mobile devices are also used by practicing HCPs for educational purposes, especially for CME activities that keep them informed about the most current evidence-based information and medical practices.3,4,7 QuantiaMD has a mobile CME app that provides well-scripted interactive case studies that can be shared with colleagues.4 In a survey of medical school faculty, residents, and students, 75%, 95%, and 55%, respectively, agreed that using a mobile device for rapid access to educational resources while on the go had a positive educational effect.1
The role played by mobile devices and apps in health care education is also expected to grow.1,4 Medical school HCPs and students predict that mobile devices and apps will become even more integrated into patient care and will eventually completely replace textbooks.1 As the use of medical devices and apps expands, more educational health care programs are expected to incorporate them into medical curricula.1,4
The increased use of these devices by clinicians in their personal and working lives has also raised important medicolegal and ethical implications.8 Consequently, establishing standards and policies within health care institutions will be necessary to ensure ethical and transparent conduct.7,11 A call has also been made for the examination of the effect of mobile devices and medical apps on clinical education.4 Adoption of these recommended measures will be greatly helpful in guiding clinicians, administrators, educators, and researchers in determining how to best incorporate these increasingly sophisticated tools into clinical practice.10 Best-practice standards for medical app developers should also be established.11 These standards will raise the barrier for entry into the medical app market, limiting the overwhelming quantity and increasing the quality of the apps currently available to HCPs and patients.11
Verizon Messages (Message+) may be the default Messaging app on many Verizon Android devices. On some devices, it doesn't replace the native texting app.You can switch between the native texting app on your phone and Verizon Messages (Message+). Messages sent or received in one app will also appear in the other app.You may receive duplicate notifications or only receive notifications from one app, depending on your notification settings. In addition, there may be differences in functionality that impact your messaging experience (e.g., on some devices, if you use the native app to send a group message to iPhone, it may change your thread from group MMS to mass text).We recommend selecting a primary messaging app, instead of jumping back and forth
Integrated Messaging is a service that works with Verizon Messages (Message+) to let you send and receive text and multimedia messages seamlessly on your smartphone, tablet, computer or the web using your Verizon mobile number. The service syncs up to 90 days of messages across your devices.You can use Verizon Messages (Message+) to send and receive messages without the Integrated Messaging service. To use the Verizon Messages (Message+) app without the multi-device sync feature, simply unsubscribe from Integrated Messaging.However, if you want to access your messages from a device other than your primary phone, like your tablet or computer, then you'll need to subscribe to Integrated Messaging.Refer to Message Retention in the Terms and Conditions for more information.
Summary: Native and hybrid apps are installed in an app store, whereas web apps are mobile-optimized webpages that look like an app. Both hybrid and web apps render HTML web pages, but hybrid apps use app-embedded browsers to do that.
Web apps became really popular when HTML5 came around and people realized that they can obtain native-like functionality in the browser. Today, as more and more sites use HTML5, the distinction between web apps and regular web pages has become blurry.
Often, companies build hybrid apps as wrappers for an existing web page; in that way, they hope to get a presence in the app store, without spending significant effort for developing a different app. Hybrid apps are also popular because they allow crossplatform development and thus significantly reduce development costs: that is, the same HTML code components can be reused on different mobile operating systems. Tools such as PhoneGap and Sencha Touch allow people to design and code across platforms, using the power of HTML. 2ff7e9595c
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